Greenhouse gases (GHGs) are atmospheric gases that trap heat from the sun, contributing to the Earth's "greenhouse effect." This effect helps regulate the planet’s temperature by allowing sunlight to enter the atmosphere, where some of it is absorbed by the Earth's surface and re-radiated as heat. Greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit this heat, preventing it from escaping back into space, thus warming the Earth.
Carbon flux refers to the transfer of carbon between Earth's systems, such as the atmosphere, oceans, and land. Positive carbon flux occurs when carbon is released into the atmosphere, increasing CO₂ levels. This happens through processes like burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and respiration. Negative carbon flux removes carbon from the atmosphere and stores it elsewhere. Examples include photosynthesis, carbon sequestration, and ocean absorption. Managing these fluxes is crucial for controlling atmospheric CO₂ and addressing climate change.